İslam hukuk tarihini İbn Haldun üzerinden okumak: İbn Haldun’un modern dönem İslam hukuk tarihi yazıcılığına etkileri
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2016
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İbn Haldun Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bir Eş‘ârî ve Mâlikî fakihi olan İbn Haldûn’un ekonomiden siyasete, sosyolojiden felsefeye, tarihten edebiyata birçok alandaki teorileri üzerinde çalışılmakla beraber, İslamî ilimler ve bunların tarihlerine dair görüşleri ne yazık ki çok az araştırmaya konu edilmiştir. Bu yazının amacı İbn Haldûn’un fıkıh tarihiyle ilgili görüşlerini verip bunun modern dönem fıkıh tarihi yazıcılığına etkilerini Müslüman akademi ile ve Oryantalist İslam hukuk tarihçiliği üzerinden incelemektir. İbn Haldûn’un Mukaddime’de fıkıh tarihiyle ilgili sunmuş olduğu çerçeve, Müslüman İslam hukuk tarihi yazarlarıyla Oryantalistlere kendi tezlerine meşruiyet kazandırmak için önemli imkânlar sunmuştur. Özellikle Batılı devletlerin İslam coğrafyasındaki sömürge politikaları sonucunda gün yüzüne çıkan modern problemlere çözüm bulma çabasında olan Müslüman bilginler, ictihâd vurgusunu yüksek bir şekilde seslendirdiler. Bu çerçevede fıkıh tarihini de bir ictihâd tarihi olarak görüp onu ictihâd ve taklîd ekseninde dönemlendirdiler. Bunu yaparken İbn Haldûn’un seleflerinden farklı bir perspektifle ortaya koyduğu fıkıh tarihi yaklaşımından yararlandılar. Batılı İslam hukuk tarihçileri de temel problemleri olan İslam hukukunun kökeni meselesini incelerken İbn Haldûn’dan çokça istifade etmişlerdir. Her iki taraf da kendi teorilerini meşrulaştırmak için İbn Haldûn’un görüşlerinden azami derecede istifade etmekle beraber onun tarihsel bağlamını göz ardı etmişlerdir.
As an Ash‘ari and Maliki jurist, Ibn Khaldun’s various theories, ranging from economics to politics, sociology to philosophy, and history to literature have long been subject of inquiry by prominent scholars. However, his opinion on Islamic sciences such as fiqh, hadith, tafsir and their historical development have rarely been subject of investigation. This article aims to present Ibn Khaldun’s views on the history of fiqh and its impact on modern historiography of Islamic law through Muslim and Orientalist scholarship. The main framework of history of fiqh in his Muqaddimah gave both Muslim and Western scholarship of history of Islamic Law an opportunity to reconsider established views. After imperial politics and cultural impact of western countries on Islamic societies, Muslim scholars and intellectuals tried to find solutions for increased modern problems and intercept western challenge. As a result of this consideration, call for ijtihad arose among Muslim scholars. They used Ibn Khaldun’s concept of the history of Islamic Law in order to justify their thesis by periodization of the history of Islamic Law within the framework of ijtihad and taqlid. On the other hand, since the main concern of western scholars is the origin of Islamic Law, they applied his opinions to their approach to the early development of Islamic law. Although both Muslim and Orientalist discourses used his attitude for legitimating their conceptions, they did not consider his historical context.
As an Ash‘ari and Maliki jurist, Ibn Khaldun’s various theories, ranging from economics to politics, sociology to philosophy, and history to literature have long been subject of inquiry by prominent scholars. However, his opinion on Islamic sciences such as fiqh, hadith, tafsir and their historical development have rarely been subject of investigation. This article aims to present Ibn Khaldun’s views on the history of fiqh and its impact on modern historiography of Islamic law through Muslim and Orientalist scholarship. The main framework of history of fiqh in his Muqaddimah gave both Muslim and Western scholarship of history of Islamic Law an opportunity to reconsider established views. After imperial politics and cultural impact of western countries on Islamic societies, Muslim scholars and intellectuals tried to find solutions for increased modern problems and intercept western challenge. As a result of this consideration, call for ijtihad arose among Muslim scholars. They used Ibn Khaldun’s concept of the history of Islamic Law in order to justify their thesis by periodization of the history of Islamic Law within the framework of ijtihad and taqlid. On the other hand, since the main concern of western scholars is the origin of Islamic Law, they applied his opinions to their approach to the early development of Islamic law. Although both Muslim and Orientalist discourses used his attitude for legitimating their conceptions, they did not consider his historical context.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İbn Haldun, Mukaddime, İslam Hukuk Tarihi, İslam Hukuk Tarihçiliği, Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah, History of Islamic Law, Historiography of Islamic Law
Kaynak
İbn Haldun Çalışmaları Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
1
Sayı
1
Künye
Kızılkaya, N. (2016). İslam hukuk tarihini İbn Haldun üzerinden okumak: İbn Haldun’un modern dönem İslam hukuk tarihi yazıcılığına etkileri. İbn Haldun Çalışmaları Dergisi, 1(1), ss. 1-32.
