Kachkar, Omar
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Organizasyon Birimleri
Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
Küresel rekabete ayak uydurmak ve sürdürülebilir olmak isteyen tüm şirketler ve kurumlar, değişimi doğru bir şekilde yönetmek, teknolojinin gerekli kıldığı zihinsel ve operasyonel dönüşümü kurumlarına hızlı bir şekilde adapte etmek zorundadırlar.
Adı Soyadı
Omar Kachkar
İlgi Alanları
İslami finans, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri, Mülteciler, Vakıf ve Zekât, Şeriat Yönetişimi
Kurumdaki Durumu
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Yayın Tahaddiyat isdar es-sukuki’l-vakfiyye fi Malezya(Al Madinah International University, 2019) Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Tarshany, Yasser; Alfares, Marwa; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümüبرزت التنمية المستدامة مؤخرًا كأحد القضايا الساخنة في مجال التنمية الاجتماعية. وقد تجلى هذا الاهتمامبوضوح في أهداف التنمية المستدامة ال 17 لجدول أعمال الأمم المتحدة لعام 2030 . ولقد لعب الوقف عبرالتاريخ الإسلامي دور ا أساسي ا في دعم التنمية المستدامة للمجتمعات الإسلامية. وماليزيا هي مركز معروفللتمويل الإسلامي بشكل عام وإصدار الصكوك على وجه الخصوص. ففي عام 2017 ، تم إجراء 34بالمائة من إجمالي الإصدار العالمي في ماليزيا. تحاول هذه الورقة تقديم مراجعة حديثة لصكوك الوقفبشكل عام مع التركيز بشكل خاص على ماليزيا. حيث تناقش تحديات إصدار صكوك الوقف في ماليزيالتطوير عقارات الوقف وإحياء دور الوقف في المساهمة في رفاهية المجتمعات الإسلامية. وقد تم استخدامالطريقة النوعية لجمع البيانات في هذه الورقة. وتم إجراء تحليل البيانات لأحدث المؤلفات حول صكوكالوقف بشكل كامل. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، أجريت ست مقابلات شبه منظمة مع خبراء الأوقاف والصكوكفي ماليزيا. وجدت هذه الورقة أنه لسوء الحظ لم يصدر أي إصدار من صكوك الوقف في ماليزيا حتىالآن. ووجدت الدراسة أيضًا أن هناك تشويشًا بين صكوك الوقف الخالصة مثل صكوك الوقف النيوزيلنديةالمقترحة ، والصكوك التجارية الوقفية مثل تجربة المملكة العربية السعودية وسنغافورة. وأشار الخبراءالذين تمت مقابلتهم عن حق إلى عدد من التحديات الشرعية والقانونية والتجارية التي تواجه إصدار صكوكالوقف في ماليزيا. وأكد الخبراء ، على وجه الخصوص ، على نقص الوعي بأهمية صكوك الوقف بينالجالية المسلمة وكذلك بين الأفراد والمؤسسات الخيرية الإسلامية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك أشاروا إلى النقصالخطير في الموارد البشرية الماهرة والمختصة والموظفين العاملين في إدارة الوقف والحكم ، بما في ذلكالمجالس الدينية باعتبارها السلطة الوحيدة في ماليزيا المسؤولة عن إدارة شؤون الوقف بما في ذلك أيإصدار محتمل لصكوك الوقف.Yayın Exploring the shariah board diversity characteristics in full-fledged islamic banks globally(İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, 2020) Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme BölümüThis study aims to examine the diversity characteristics of Shariah boards in fully-fledgedcommercial Islamic banks (FFIBs). The data is collected manually covering differentdiversity components in Shariah boards, i.e. age, gender, nationality, education andexperience from 248 FFIBs globally in 50 countries for the year 2019. Sudan, Iraq and Iranhave the highest number of FFIBs, with 31, 30 and 29 banks respectively. Interestingly, thereis only one FFIBs among 14 Shariah banks operating in Indonesia. There are in total 563Shariah board positions in the FFIBs analysed, occupied by 428 Shariah scholars, 135 of themhaving multi-directorship positions. The results reveal that only six female Shariah scholarstake positions in four FFIBs in Bangladesh (1), Brunei (1), Malaysia (3), and Tunisia (1). Asfor the age, the findings show that about 45 per cent of the Shariah board members are 60 orabove, and only 4 per cent lower than 40. Most of the Shariah scholars have the nationality ofBangladesh (55), Malaysia (33) and Saudi Arabia (23). In terms of education, the majority ofthe scholars are graduated from Shariah programs. Nevertheless, about 15 per cent of theShariah scholars have a non-Shariah background such as law (26), economics (9), economicsand comparative religion (22), and business administration (3). The findings may encouragethe management of the FFIBs to more seriously consider the diversity in their Shariah boardscomposition to come up with innovative and sustainable solutions in a dynamically changingenvironment. Further, the policy makers may inforce some measures to improve diversity anddecision making in the FFIBs to respond new dimensions raising in the global economic andsocial environment.Yayın Waqf for sustainable development goals: A critical appraisal(2021) Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme BölümüSustainable development has recently emerged as one of the hot issues in the field of social development. This interest has been visualized in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the UN 2030 Agenda. Islamic social finance components fully align with the spirit of the SDGs. Particularly, the institution of waqf has played throughout Islamic history a remarkable role in supporting the sustainable development of Muslim communities. The majority of The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) members considerably lag behind other developing nations in achieving SDGs in key sectors of poverty alleviation, infrastructure, health care, education, and others. This paper surveys the existing literature on waqf implementations in developmental projects and in achieving the development goals of the UN 2030 agenda. It highlights the prospects of using waqf to bridge the financial gap in developmental projects. It does so by pinpointing two cases of waqf contributions to SDG, the first one is the General Directorate of Foundations of Turkey, and the other one is the Islamic Development Bank. Key challenges encountering the full utilization of waqf and a summary of AAOIFI good governance indicators are pointed out in the discussion section. This paper is concluded with a proposed four-point Waqf Promotion Plan (WPP) to overcome main issues in waqf and to facilitate the full exploitation of waqf in mobilizing required funds to achieve the SDG of the UN 2030 agenda.Yayın A comparative analysis on regulations and treatment of shariah non-compliance risk for Islamic banks in Malaysia and Turkey(2023) Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Azrak, Tawfik; Kachkar, Omar; Alfares, Marwa; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme BölümüIslamic banks and conventional banks operate in different ways, thus, Islamic banks have different risk portfolios. Islamic banks are exposed to a unique kind of operational risk that is Sharia non-compliance risk (SNCR). The aim of this study is to examine the existing regulations and practices on SNCR in Turkey and Malaysia. The regulatory framework and guidelines in both countries have been critically analysed. This study has found that BNM has developed various advanced measures and procedures to manage SNC risk. the Central bank of Malaysia (BNM) has its own Sharia governance framework to effectively treat any SNC events. The Framework includes clear guidelines on SNCR management including control function, shariah risk management function, shariah review and sharia audit. This framework has played a key role in strengthening public confidence in the integrity, management and business operations of Islamic financial institutions including Islamic banks (IBs). On the other hand, the local standards of participation banks in Turkey are still in the process of formation. Up until now participation banks still operate under Turkish banking law which regulates Islamic banks as well as conventional banks with the same legislation. Thus, many experts believe that the sections which regulate the participation banks were not written in accordance with proper sharia guidance and its incompatible with shariah. Consequently, the absence and lack of proper sharia governance lead to misconceptions and complaints about the Islamic banking operations and occasionally faulty practices.Yayın Islamic social finance: Mobilizing Zakah (almsgiving) funds to support refugees’ microenterprises pogroms(ISEFE, 2019) Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme BölümüThis paper examines the prospects and challenges of using zakah as a source of funding in microenterprise support programs for refugees. According to the literature, lack of funds represents a fundamental obstacle in supporting refugees’ livelihood in particular in microenterprises programs. Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam. All Muslims have to pay 2.5 percent of their wealth every year to the poor and needy. Refugees represent one of the main beneficiaries of zakah. Recently the UNHCR has established zakah funds to mobilise zakah funds to help refugees. This paper argues that instead of giving the refugees cash money, zakah fund or at least part of the zakah funds can be used to provide microcredit grands to support the refugees and help them to help themselves. Despite all the challenges of microfinance programs in particular in the context of refugees, well-designed microfinance programs can provide a more sustainable solutions to refugees in particular those trapped in protracted situations.Yayın Refugee entrepreneurs in Turkiye prospects and challenges(Eurasian Research Institue, 2022) Yılmaz, Mustafa Kemal; Kachkar, Omar; Abbara, Douaa; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme BölümüThis paper examines the success factors and barriers of refugee entrepreneurs in Turkey. 244 owner/manager of refugee enterprises participated in the survey. Exploratory Factor Analysis was utilized to analyse the data. Out of 40 variables, 10 variables were deleted after running the factor loading. The remaining variables have been grouped under ten groups (10Gs) of success factors and barriers. Three groups under environmental success factors (G1, access to capital and to business information, G2, marketing and infrastructure, G3, government support and infrastructure), two groups under individual success factors (G1 personal entrepreneurial traits, G2, social status, age and educational attainment), three groups under environmental barriers, (G1, lack of financial support, economic situation of host country and the rising prices of public utilities, G2, negative perception of refugees among the public and media and the sense of competition in the local labor market, G3, local regulation and lack of resources) and finally two groups under individual barriers (G1, low level of education, requirement of degree equivalency, and lack of language proficiency, G2, lack of demand for goods and services and lack of business advice). The findings of this study provide policymakers with a deeper understanding of the success factors and barriers to the entrepreneurial activities of refugees. Refugee entrepreneurship programs could be better outlined in light of the insights of this study.Yayın Kadaya fıkhiyye mu’asıra fi’l-vakıf en-nakdi el-mü’ekkat: Tahlilu haleti’s-sukuk el-vakfiyye el- mü’ekkat(University of Malaya, 2019) Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Alfares, Marwa; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümüيعد الوقف أحد اهم المؤسسات الفاعلة في النظام الاقتصادي الاسلامي، وقد لعب الوقف دورا كبيرا في تحمل عبء كبير عن الدولة ورفد المجتمعات الاسلامية بمعظم الخدمات الاجتماعية من التعليم والصحة والرعاية الاجتماعية والبنية التحتية. وقد برزت اهميته مؤخرا مع تزايد الاهتمام العالمي بالتنمية المستدامة. ويشكل الوقف النقدي احد اهم انواع الوقف وذلك لمرونته وفاعليته في تعبئة الموارد المالية للمشاريع الخيرية والانمائية. تناقش هذه الورقة البحثيةبعض القضايا الفقهية المعاصرة المتعلقة بالوقف النقدي المؤقت مع التركيز على حالة الصكوك الوقفية المؤقتة. تكمناهمية البحث في تسليطه الضوء على عدد من المسائل الفقهية المتعلقة بالصكوك الوقفية والتي يختلف حكمهاباختلاف التأصيل الفقهي لها من حيث اعتبار هذه الصكوك قرضا ام وقفا. وعلى رأس تلك المسائل ملكية الأصولالوقفية وأحكام الزكاة والاعسار والرجوع عن الوقف وتلف العين الموقوفة في يد الناظر أو الموقوف عليهم والتصرفبالمال الموقوف دون إذن الواقف أو خلافا لشرطه الى غير ذلك. تناقش هذه الورقة أهم تلك المسائل وتبين حكمهاالفقهي مع التفصيل ماامكن وضمن الحدود البحثية لهذه الورقة. تختم هذه الورقة بدعوة المجامع الفقهية والمجالسالشرعية لايلاء الاهتمام الواجب بتلك المسائل واصدار القرارات الشرعية الخاصة لتوضيحها وتوحيد العمل بموجبهافي المؤسسات الوقفية والمالية ذات الصلة.
