Omar Kachkar

Küresel rekabete ayak uydurmak ve sürdürülebilir olmak isteyen tüm şirketler ve kurumlar, değişimi doğru bir şekilde yönetmek, teknolojinin gerekli kıldığı zihinsel ve operasyonel dönüşümü kurumlarına hızlı bir şekilde adapte etmek zorundadırlar.

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Omar Kachkar

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İslami finans, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri, Mülteciler, Vakıf ve Zekât, Şeriat Yönetişimi

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Listeleniyor 1 - 10 / 23

Waqf sukuk as instruments of sustainable development and challenges of issuing them a field study in Malaysia
(Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah, 2022) Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Alfares, Marwa; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
برزت التنمية المستدامة مؤخراً كأحد أهم القضايا في مجال التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية. ولقد لعبت مؤسسة الوقف عبر التاريخ الإسلامي دورا أساسيا في دعم التنمية المستدامة للمجتمعات الإسلامية. تحاول هذه الورقة تقديم مراجعة حديثة لصكوك الوقف بشكل عام مع التركيز بشكل خاص على الصكوك الوقفية في ماليزيا. وقد تم استخدام الطريقة النوعية لجمع البيانات في هذه الورقة. حيث أجريت ست مقابلات مباشرة مع خبراء الأوقاف والصكوك في ماليزيا. وجدت هذه الورقة أنه رغم أهميتها الكبيرة، لم يتم أي إصدار لصكوك الوقف في ماليزيا حتى الآن. وأشار الخبراء الذين تمت مقابلتهم إلى عدد من التحديات التنظيمية والتشغيلية التي تواجه إصدار صكوك الوقف بشكل عام مع التركيز على السياق الماليزي. وأكد الخبراء، على وجه الخصوص، على نقص الوعي بأهمية صكوك الوقف بين المسلمين بشكل عام وكذلك بين الأفراد العاملين في المؤسسات الخيرية الإسلامية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك أشاروا إلى التحديات المتعلقة بحوكمة الوقف وإلى النقص الكبير في الموارد البشرية المحترفة والمتخصصة في تشغيل الوقف وإدارته على صعيد المجالس الدينية باعتبارها السلطة الوحيدة في ماليزيا المسؤولة عن إدارة شؤون الوقف والصكوك الوقفية ضمنا.ً وأخيرا شكك بعض الخبراء في المقابلات في قابلية السوق على المساهمة والاكتتاب في الصكوك الوقفية بسبب المخاطر الكامنة وضعف الثقة بالقائمين على مثل هذه المشاريع الوقفية
Sustainable fashion consumption: The narrative documented from fast fashion brands and factors influencing consumers’ purchase intentions in Türkiye
(2024) Shehneh, Mohannad; Kachkar, Omar; Salman, Gülberk Gültekin; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
This study aims at exploring Turkish consumers’ behaviors toward purchasing green fashion. Amixed-methods approach was used in this study. Six experts from the main brands in the fashion industry inTürkiye were interviewed. A total of 268 questionnaires were collected from Turkish consumers, and theirresponses were analyzed. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) informed the theoretical framework of thisstudy. The main components of the TPB were extended to include perceived consumer effectiveness. Athematic analysis was conducted to analyze and code the interviews. To test the hypotheses, structuralequation modeling (SEM) was conducted. The findings show that the key factors of the TPB, i.e., attitudes(ATTs), subjective norms (SNs), and perceived behavioral control (PBC), as well as perceived consumereffectiveness, significantly impact the intentions of Turkish consumers to purchase sustainable fashion.However, the results highlight some inconsistencies, gaps, and barriers that discourage the purchase intentionsof consumers, including a lack of information, misinformation, greenwashing, green skepticism, a lack of trust,and the high cost of sustainable fashion.
Exploring the shariah board diversity characteristics in full-fledged islamic banks globally
(İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, 2020) Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
This study aims to examine the diversity characteristics of Shariah boards in fully-fledgedcommercial Islamic banks (FFIBs). The data is collected manually covering differentdiversity components in Shariah boards, i.e. age, gender, nationality, education andexperience from 248 FFIBs globally in 50 countries for the year 2019. Sudan, Iraq and Iranhave the highest number of FFIBs, with 31, 30 and 29 banks respectively. Interestingly, thereis only one FFIBs among 14 Shariah banks operating in Indonesia. There are in total 563Shariah board positions in the FFIBs analysed, occupied by 428 Shariah scholars, 135 of themhaving multi-directorship positions. The results reveal that only six female Shariah scholarstake positions in four FFIBs in Bangladesh (1), Brunei (1), Malaysia (3), and Tunisia (1). Asfor the age, the findings show that about 45 per cent of the Shariah board members are 60 orabove, and only 4 per cent lower than 40. Most of the Shariah scholars have the nationality ofBangladesh (55), Malaysia (33) and Saudi Arabia (23). In terms of education, the majority ofthe scholars are graduated from Shariah programs. Nevertheless, about 15 per cent of theShariah scholars have a non-Shariah background such as law (26), economics (9), economicsand comparative religion (22), and business administration (3). The findings may encouragethe management of the FFIBs to more seriously consider the diversity in their Shariah boardscomposition to come up with innovative and sustainable solutions in a dynamically changingenvironment. Further, the policy makers may inforce some measures to improve diversity anddecision making in the FFIBs to respond new dimensions raising in the global economic andsocial environment.
Waqf contributions for sustainable development goals: A critical appraisal
(Springer Nature, 2022) Kachkar, Omar; Alfares, Marwa; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
Lack of funds has been a substantial challenge in achieving the sustainable development goals for all developing countries including many of OIC member states. The World Bank estimates that approximately, from $1.5 to $2.7 trillion is needed every year to finance SDGs projects between 2015 up to 2030. This chapter examines the potential role of waqf as a fund-mobilising instrument. It specifically focuses on the progress in achieving SDGs in OIC countries. Four key development areas are highlighted in this regard, namely, poverty alleviation, healthcare, education and finally infrastructure development. A comparison between OIC and non-OIC countries is drawn to assess the progress of OIC countries. Except for some areas in infrastructure development, OIC countries seem to be lagging behind their non-OIC counterparts in all the four covered areas. Tapping waqf resources can greatly contribute in achieving the SDGs, in particular the monetary waqf or cash waqf. To support this argument, this chapter brings various case studies from waqf institutions operating in the Muslim world. The first case study discusses two institutions in Turkiye and the second one highlights the contribution of two subsidiaries of Islamic Development Banks. This chapter concludes with a prolonged discussion of the existing challenges encountering the full employment of waqf in achieving the SDGs.
et-Temvil el-cemai'i li'lagradi'l-hayriyye: Tahlil nakdi li'l-minassati'l-islamiyyeti'l-mevcude
(Moroocan Center for Participation Economic, 2021) Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
تهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى تسليط الضوء على آخر التطورات الميدانية في التمويل الجماعي للأغراض الخيرية. بما في ذلك أبرز المنصات والإسلامية وآلية عملها وأهم التحديات التي تواجه هذه الصناعة الناشئة. تستخدم هذه الورقة المنهج النوعي من خلال استقراء آخر الدراسات والتقارير المتعلقة بالموضوع وخاصة تلك التي تناقش حالة التمويل الجماعي وخاصة الخيري منها بالإضافة الى إبراز آخر التوجهات في التبرع الخيري. وقد تناولت الدراسة ثلاثة من أنشط منصات التمويل الجماعي الخيري الإسلامية، وهي منصة فينتيرا ومنصة غلوبال صدقة وكذلك منصة لاونتش غود. كذلك ناقشت الدراسة أهم التحديات التي تواجه تطور الصناعة من خلال أخذ حالة منصة وقف وورلد التي توقفت بعد حوالي العام من انطلاقها. إضافة إلى التحديات العامة التي تنطبق على جميع منصات التمويل الجماعي الخيري منها والاستثماري. خلصت الدراسة إلى ضرورة استثمار هذا النوع الصاعد من أساليب التمويل الذي يعد طريقة واعدة بديلة عن طرق التمويل التقليدية. وسردت الورقة لائحة من التوصيات التي يجب اتباعها لدعم وتشجيع منصات التمويل الجماعي وبشكل خاص الخيري منها في العالم الإسلامي بما في ذلك تضافر الجهود للتغلب على التحديات القانونية والتنظيمية وغيرها.
Not to be left behind: Refugees and the role of waqf in the light of the ongoing COVID19 pandemic
(İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, 2021) Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
COVID-19 pandemic has led to devastating effects on human life worldwide and has caused unprecedented disruptions in all economic and social aspects of life. Tens of millions of people particularly in fragile economies are at risk of slipping into extreme poverty. Refugees and other marginalised populations are feared to be left beyond the reach of aid packages and assistance plans. This paper is proposing the establishment of a waqf based fund to help refugees. Rational of this model is founded on several arguments. These arguments are related to the global refuge crisis which can be described as follows: a. it is a Muslim humanitarian crisis in the first place, b. it is not a temporary one, c. it is impacting mainly developing countries with a considerable number of Muslim-majority countries being the host of the majority of global refugees, d. majority of refugee stay in urban areas, d. Waqf constitutes a big potential to close the gap in humanitarian aid and to offer for the basic needs of refugees, e. a proper differentiation must be clear between emergency aid and long-term durable solutions for refugees. f. Similar differentiation must be observed between core poor refugees and economically active refugees in terms of durable solutions and economic engagement. Against the above backdrop, this paper is proposing a model of waqf fund for refugees that is similar to the Zakah refugee Fund created by the UNHCR. The objective of the model is to contribute in the relief and aid efforts and to make use of the create potential of the philanthropic sector. The proposed model shall use in-kind waqf and cash waqf as key sources of funds. Temporary and permanent waqf will be accepted. Collected funds will be invested and the revenues will be distributed on the beneficiaries in the specific aid sector as specified by the donor or the waqf founder. The current model can be a subject of further research to explore various aspects of the model such as the legal requirements and the operational challenges in the real environment.
Waqf for sustainable development goals: A critical appraisal
(2021) Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
Sustainable development has recently emerged as one of the hot issues in the field of social development. This interest has been visualized in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the UN 2030 Agenda. Islamic social finance components fully align with the spirit of the SDGs. Particularly, the institution of waqf has played throughout Islamic history a remarkable role in supporting the sustainable development of Muslim communities. The majority of The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) members considerably lag behind other developing nations in achieving SDGs in key sectors of poverty alleviation, infrastructure, health care, education, and others. This paper surveys the existing literature on waqf implementations in developmental projects and in achieving the development goals of the UN 2030 agenda. It highlights the prospects of using waqf to bridge the financial gap in developmental projects. It does so by pinpointing two cases of waqf contributions to SDG, the first one is the General Directorate of Foundations of Turkey, and the other one is the Islamic Development Bank. Key challenges encountering the full utilization of waqf and a summary of AAOIFI good governance indicators are pointed out in the discussion section. This paper is concluded with a proposed four-point Waqf Promotion Plan (WPP) to overcome main issues in waqf and to facilitate the full exploitation of waqf in mobilizing required funds to achieve the SDG of the UN 2030 agenda.
Best practices in using zakah to support microenterprises programs
(Social Sciences University of Ankara (ASBÜ), 2021) Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Alfares, Marwa; Azrak, Tawfik; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
Zakah is one of the most effective tools in the Islamic fiscal policy and economic system that has been introduced to achieve a variety of socio-economic objectives. On top of those objectives are poverty alleviation and wealth redistribution. The former objective is clearly indicated in the hadith that is narrated by imam al-Bukhari when the Prophet (PBUH) commanded Mu'adh bin Jabal, his delegate to govern Yemen: “Inform them (the people of Yemen) that Allah has made a charity obligatory upon them, that is collected from their rich and given back to their poor...
How diverse are Shariah supervisory boards of Islamic banks? A global empirical survey
(Emerald Publishing, 2022) Yılmaz, Mustafa Kemal; Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
Purpose – This study examines diversity in the composition of Shariah Supervisory Boards (SSBs) of Islamic banks (IBs). It investigates diversity from two perspectives: 1) existing composition of SSBs, and 2) the regulatory frameworks and standards of selected Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. Diversity characteristics in this study include education, nationality, gender, and age. Design/methodology/approach – A list of all full-fledged Islamic commercial banks (FFICBs) globally has been carefully prepared and confirmed. Conventional banks with Islamic windows, non-commercial banks, takaful companies and other Islamic financial institutions are excluded. The available profiles of 428 SSB members have been scrutinised and analysed. These board members occupy 522 SSB positions in 238 FFICBs operating in 52 countries around the globe. From the regulatory perspective, twelve national and international Shariah governance frameworks and standards have been examined. Findings – The findings indicate various levels of diversity in the SSBs of the IBs. The level of diversity in educational background and nationality of the SSBs are generally acceptable. However, lack of diversity in gender and age among the SSB members is evident. While the lack of age diversity in SSBs maybe relatively justified as a common trend in the composition of corporate boards, the SSBs of FFICB are seriously lagging conventional banks in gender diversity. On the regulatory side, these results show that provisions on diversity requirement in the SSBs are almost non-existent in the existing frameworks and standards. Research limitations/ implications – The major limitation of this study is the lack of available information on the SSB members. Practical implications – This paper provides valuable insights for Islamic banks and policy makers concerned with the corporate governance of Islamic financial institutions. First, it offers an excellent bird’s-eye view of the status of diversity in the SSBs of Islamic banks. Second, it motivates policy makers and standard-setting bodies to ensure an adequate level of diversity in the composition of SSBs through relevant regulatory frameworks. This is of paramount importance to the reputation of Islamic finance industry which has been subject to mounting pressure to translate the rhetoric about the Islamic finance industry being ethical, fair, just, equitable and inclusive into genuine implementations. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to examine the diversity of the SSB members from the regulatory as well as implementation perspective.
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the profitability and operational efficiency of Turkish banks: A comparative analysis
(Higher Colleges of Technology, 2022) Azrak, Tawfik; Bwando, William; Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on 11 March, 2020. This is the highest level of health emergency in the global health regulations. The pandemic affected all the global aspects of life including social, political and economic interactions amongst humanity. Like any other sector involved in day-to-day economic activities, the financial sector had its own reaction to the external economic shock induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The first objective of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the profitability and operational efficiency of conventional and participation banks in Turkey. The second objective of this study is to estimate the effect of the pandemic on the combined profitability and operational efficiency of the two categories together. Panel data with random effects was the main analysis methodology adopted by the study. The Turkish conventional banks examined by the study are Vakif Bank, Iş Bankasi, Ziraat Bankasi and Yapi Kredi and the participation banks are Kuwait Turk Bankasi, Albaraka, Turkiye Finans and Ziraat Katilim. The data used for the analysis ranges from 2016 to 2020. The results indicate that the pandemic had no effect on the profitability of the Turkish conventional banks but had a positive impact on the participation banks’ profitability. The results also suggest the pandemic had a negative impact on the operational efficiency of both conventional and participation banks. Moreover, for the combined analysis, the results could not establish any impact of the pandemic on the profitability of the two groups of banks in aggregate. However, the results of the study show negative impact of the pandemic on the combined efficiency of both sets of banks.

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