Omar Kachkar

Küresel rekabete ayak uydurmak ve sürdürülebilir olmak isteyen tüm şirketler ve kurumlar, değişimi doğru bir şekilde yönetmek, teknolojinin gerekli kıldığı zihinsel ve operasyonel dönüşümü kurumlarına hızlı bir şekilde adapte etmek zorundadırlar.

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Omar Kachkar

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İslami finans, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri, Mülteciler, Vakıf ve Zekât, Şeriat Yönetişimi

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Listeleniyor 1 - 10 / 29

A comparative analysis on regulations and treatment of shariah non-compliance risk for Islamic banks in Malaysia and Turkey
(2023) Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Azrak, Tawfik; Kachkar, Omar; Alfares, Marwa; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
Islamic banks and conventional banks operate in different ways, thus, Islamic banks have different risk portfolios. Islamic banks are exposed to a unique kind of operational risk that is Sharia non-compliance risk (SNCR). The aim of this study is to examine the existing regulations and practices on SNCR in Turkey and Malaysia. The regulatory framework and guidelines in both countries have been critically analysed. This study has found that BNM has developed various advanced measures and procedures to manage SNC risk. the Central bank of Malaysia (BNM) has its own Sharia governance framework to effectively treat any SNC events. The Framework includes clear guidelines on SNCR management including control function, shariah risk management function, shariah review and sharia audit. This framework has played a key role in strengthening public confidence in the integrity, management and business operations of Islamic financial institutions including Islamic banks (IBs). On the other hand, the local standards of participation banks in Turkey are still in the process of formation. Up until now participation banks still operate under Turkish banking law which regulates Islamic banks as well as conventional banks with the same legislation. Thus, many experts believe that the sections which regulate the participation banks were not written in accordance with proper sharia guidance and its incompatible with shariah. Consequently, the absence and lack of proper sharia governance lead to misconceptions and complaints about the Islamic banking operations and occasionally faulty practices.
Kadaya fıkhiyye mu’asıra fi’l-vakıf en-nakdi el-mü’ekkat: Tahlilu haleti’s-sukuk el-vakfiyye el- mü’ekkat
(University of Malaya, 2019) Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Alfares, Marwa; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
يعد الوقف أحد اهم المؤسسات الفاعلة في النظام الاقتصادي الاسلامي، وقد لعب الوقف دورا كبيرا في تحمل عبء كبير عن الدولة ورفد المجتمعات الاسلامية بمعظم الخدمات الاجتماعية من التعليم والصحة والرعاية الاجتماعية والبنية التحتية. وقد برزت اهميته مؤخرا مع تزايد الاهتمام العالمي بالتنمية المستدامة. ويشكل الوقف النقدي احد اهم انواع الوقف وذلك لمرونته وفاعليته في تعبئة الموارد المالية للمشاريع الخيرية والانمائية. تناقش هذه الورقة البحثيةبعض القضايا الفقهية المعاصرة المتعلقة بالوقف النقدي المؤقت مع التركيز على حالة الصكوك الوقفية المؤقتة. تكمناهمية البحث في تسليطه الضوء على عدد من المسائل الفقهية المتعلقة بالصكوك الوقفية والتي يختلف حكمهاباختلاف التأصيل الفقهي لها من حيث اعتبار هذه الصكوك قرضا ام وقفا. وعلى رأس تلك المسائل ملكية الأصولالوقفية وأحكام الزكاة والاعسار والرجوع عن الوقف وتلف العين الموقوفة في يد الناظر أو الموقوف عليهم والتصرفبالمال الموقوف دون إذن الواقف أو خلافا لشرطه الى غير ذلك. تناقش هذه الورقة أهم تلك المسائل وتبين حكمهاالفقهي مع التفصيل ماامكن وضمن الحدود البحثية لهذه الورقة. تختم هذه الورقة بدعوة المجامع الفقهية والمجالسالشرعية لايلاء الاهتمام الواجب بتلك المسائل واصدار القرارات الشرعية الخاصة لتوضيحها وتوحيد العمل بموجبهافي المؤسسات الوقفية والمالية ذات الصلة.
Islamic social finance: Integrating zakah funds in microfinance and microenterprise support programs: Selected case studies
(IGI Global, 2022) Alfares, Marwa; Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
Alleviating poverty and inequality are among the central objectives of zakah in the Islamic economic system. These objectives are also on top of the 17 SDGs of the UN 2030 Agenda. This research argues that microenterprise support programs (MSPs) have been proven as effective tools in combating poverty. However, lack of funds has always been a major challenge for the sustainability of those programs. Channeling zakah funds to MSPs will directly contribute to empowering deprived populations and helping them to lift themselves out of the poverty cycle. Two zakah-based MSPs have been analyzed in this chapter. The first one is the Asnaf Entrepreneurship Program of Lembaga Zakah, Malaysia and the second one is Baitul Maal Muamalat Indonesia (BMMI). According to literature, using zakah in (MSPs) requires a strict implementation of best practices including screening program beneficiaries, providing professional training and monitoring to businesses, and finally applying a graduation scheme.
Using mudarabah for micro-enterprises of refugees
(IGI Global, 2023) Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
This chapter examines the prospects and challenges of using the Mudharabah (profit-sharing partnership) instrument to extend microfinancing to refugees in microenterprise support programs. According to the literature, many Muslim refugees voluntarily exclude themselves from microfinance programs due to the element of interest that is strictly prohibited in Islam. Mudarabah as a Shari'ah-compliant mode of finance represents one potential instrument that complies with the religious teachings of Muslim refugees and could assist in the financial inclusion of many of them. Despite the inherent risks of Mudarabah such as moral hazard and adverse selection, some successful stories are remarkably encouraging. This chapter is proposing a model for a microenterprise support program based on Mudarabah. The chapter concludes that Mudarabah is a viable mode of finance provided that best practices in implementing Mudarabah as well as microfinance programmes are well adopted and observed.
Maximizing productivity in online businesses through task management software: The case of online entrepreneurs in Turkiye
(İbn Haldun Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2023) Issaku, Gamel; Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar
The advent of the internet has transformed how businesses operate, giving rise to the concept of online businesses. The rise of online businesses has revolutionized commerce, presenting entrepreneurs and organizations with numerous opportunities and challenges. This study aimed to explore the relationship between task management software and the productivity of online businesses. The study employed quantitative research methods and used surveys for data collection. The data was collected through an online survey among online businesses in Turkiye. The study used a sample size of 250, which represents a 96.2% response rate. The data for the study were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and employed descriptive and inferential statistics. The analyses reveal that task management software positively and significantly correlates with online business productivity.
Mobilizing zakat (almsgiving) funds to support refugee microenterprise pogroms: A proposed conceptual model
(IGI Global, 2022) Kachkar, Omar; Alfares, Marwa; Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
This chapter examines the prospects and challenges of using zakah as a source of funding in microenterprise support programs for refugees. According to the literature, lack of funds represents a fundamental obstacle in supporting refugees' livelihood in particular in microenterprises programs. Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam. All Muslims have to pay 2.5% of their wealth every year to the poor and needy. Refugees represent one of the main beneficiaries of zakah. Recently the UNHCR has established a zakah fund to mobilize zakah funds to help refugees. This chapter argues that instead of assisting refugees with cash money, zakat funds or at least part of the zakat funds can be used to provide microcredit grants to support the refugees and help them to help themselves. Despite all the challenges of microfinance programs in particular in the context of refugees, well-designed microfinance programs can provide a more sustainable solution to refugees in particular those trapped in protracted situations.
SRI Sukuk to achieve SDGs with a special reference to the legal and regulatory framework in Malaysia
(Springer, 2024) Kachkar, Omar; Al Fares, Marwa; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
Malaysia has the leadership in developing Islamic socially responsible investing (SRI) and green finance. This study aims to highlight the importance of issuing SRI sukuk to achieve sustainable development and point out the incentives which attract investors to participate in the SRI sukuk within its legal and regulatory framework. This study has adopted a qualitative approach by analysing previous literature, as well as examining Malaysian SRI regulatory framework provisions. This study found that Malaysia is the key actor in provision of an environment requisite for issuing Sukuk aligned with SDGs such as SRI sukuk and SDG Sukuk. Promoting financing for SRI projects through issuing SRI sukuk will meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In order to attract more investors to subscribe to SRI sukuk, SC Malaysia is determined that SRI sukuk should be highly mandated to invest in green, social, sustainable and waqf dimensions. Moreover, the government of Malaysia (GoM) provides Tax incentives for SRI sukuk issuers, investors as well as brokers. For instance, the SRI sukuk issuer enjoys tax concessions on SRI sukuk issuance. Finally, SDG Sukuk Framework explains the Malaysian Government’s intention to utilize the SDG Sukuk to fund projects that will generate environmental and social benefits and also conform to sustainable development goals.
Using mudharabah (profit-sharing partnership) in supporting refugee microenterprises and microfinance programs: Prospects and challenges
(IGI Global, 2019) Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
This chapter examines the prospects and challenges of using the mudharabah (profit-sharing partnership) instrument to extend microfinancing to refugees in microenterprise support programs. According to the literature, many Muslim refugees voluntarily exclude themselves from microfinance programs due to the element of interest that is strictly prohibited in Islam. Mudharabah as a Shariah-compliant mode of finance represents one potential instrument that complies with the religious teachings of Muslim refugees and could assist in the financial inclusion of many of them. Despite the inherent risks of mudharabah such as moral hazard and adverse selection, some successful stories are remarkably encouraging. This chapter is proposing a model for a microenterprise support program based on mudharabah. It further concludes that mudharabah is a viable mode of finance provided that best practices in implementing mudharabah as well as microfinance programmes are well adopted and observed.
How diverse are Shariah supervisory boards of Islamic banks? A global empirical survey
(Emerald Publishing, 2022) Yılmaz, Mustafa Kemal; Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
Purpose – This study examines diversity in the composition of Shariah Supervisory Boards (SSBs) of Islamic banks (IBs). It investigates diversity from two perspectives: 1) existing composition of SSBs, and 2) the regulatory frameworks and standards of selected Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. Diversity characteristics in this study include education, nationality, gender, and age. Design/methodology/approach – A list of all full-fledged Islamic commercial banks (FFICBs) globally has been carefully prepared and confirmed. Conventional banks with Islamic windows, non-commercial banks, takaful companies and other Islamic financial institutions are excluded. The available profiles of 428 SSB members have been scrutinised and analysed. These board members occupy 522 SSB positions in 238 FFICBs operating in 52 countries around the globe. From the regulatory perspective, twelve national and international Shariah governance frameworks and standards have been examined. Findings – The findings indicate various levels of diversity in the SSBs of the IBs. The level of diversity in educational background and nationality of the SSBs are generally acceptable. However, lack of diversity in gender and age among the SSB members is evident. While the lack of age diversity in SSBs maybe relatively justified as a common trend in the composition of corporate boards, the SSBs of FFICB are seriously lagging conventional banks in gender diversity. On the regulatory side, these results show that provisions on diversity requirement in the SSBs are almost non-existent in the existing frameworks and standards. Research limitations/ implications – The major limitation of this study is the lack of available information on the SSB members. Practical implications – This paper provides valuable insights for Islamic banks and policy makers concerned with the corporate governance of Islamic financial institutions. First, it offers an excellent bird’s-eye view of the status of diversity in the SSBs of Islamic banks. Second, it motivates policy makers and standard-setting bodies to ensure an adequate level of diversity in the composition of SSBs through relevant regulatory frameworks. This is of paramount importance to the reputation of Islamic finance industry which has been subject to mounting pressure to translate the rhetoric about the Islamic finance industry being ethical, fair, just, equitable and inclusive into genuine implementations. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to examine the diversity of the SSB members from the regulatory as well as implementation perspective.
Para vakıflarıyla ilgili güncel meseleler: Sukûk vakfına ilişkin bir inceleme
(İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2021) Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Alfares, Marwa; Hersh, Ahmad; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
برزت أهمية الوقف الإسلامي مؤخراً مع تزايد الاهتمام العالمي بالتنمية المستدامة. وقد ظهرت تطبيقات جديدة للوقف، ونتج عن ذلك ظهور مسائل فقهية جديدة، يتحتم مناقشتها وبيان الحكم الشرعي فيها. ومن أهم تلك التطبيقات الصكوك الوقفية، التي يرى فيها كثيرون أداة فاعلة في حشد التمويل اللازم لمشاريع التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في البلدان الإسلامية. تنبع أهمية هذا البحث في تناوله لبعض المسائل الشرعية المتعلقة بالصكوك الوقفية بنوعيها الدائم والمؤقت، وتتمثل هذه المسائل بمسألة زكاة الصكوك الوقفية، وحكم تداولها، ورهنها. وتخلص الورقة إلى عدم وجوب الزكاة في الصكوك الوقفية الدائمة والمؤقتة لا على الواقف ولا على الموقوف عليهم. وتفرق هذه الورقة بين الدين والقرض الحسن من حيث وجوب الزكاة على الدائن في الأول وعدم وجوبها في الثاني. وأما مسألة التداول، فتناقشها هذه الورقة في ضوء الخلاف الفقهي في مسألة بيع الدين وهي أقرب ما تكون إلى صكوك المرابحة من حيث ما تمثله من ديون، وترجح جواز تداول الصكوك الوقفية ضمن مراعاة الضوابط والمحاذير الشرعية، وهي بمجملها متحققة في صكوك وقف النقود المؤقتة. وأخيراً فيما يتعلق بمسألة استخدام الصكوك الموقوفة رهناً من قبل الواقف أو الناظر، فالراجح عدم جواز رهن الصكوك الوقفية من قبل الناظر حفاظاً على الأصول الموقوفة من الضياع، مع إمكانية رهنها بتحقق المصلحة، وإقرار صريح من المحكمة العليا كما نصت على ذلك بعض التشريعات القانونية في الدول الإسلامية، وأما استخدام الصكوك رهناً من قبل الواقف، فالراجح الجواز قياساً على جواز رهن الدين من طرف ثالث غير المدين. وتوصي هذه الورقة بدراسة الصكوك الوقفية من قبل المجامع الفقهية والمؤسسات الشرعية وإصدار القرارات اللازمة حول المسائل الفقهية المتعلقة بها.

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