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A hybridized Pythagorean fuzzy AHP and WASPAS method for airline new route selection: Case study of Turkish Airline
(Emerald Publishing, 2025) Koma, Şenay; Kuşakcı, Ali Osman; Haji Amiri, Misagh; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
Purpose – This study aims to provide a practical and novel solution for the complex multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem of airline route selection, which is characterized by conflicting criteria, alternative routes, and complex judgments. Design/methodology/approach – This study proposes a hybrid MCDM approach using Interval-valued Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP and Interval-valued Pythagorean Fuzzy weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) methods. Decision analysis is applied to select a new route between different alternatives through selection criteria. Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP is used for weighting criteria, and Pythagorean Fuzzy WASPAS is used for assessing alternatives. The pair-wise linguistic comparisons of selection criteria are transferred into Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (PFNs) to weigh each criterion’s importance. Findings – The pair-wise linguistic comparisons of selection criteria are transferred into PFNs to weigh each criterion’s importance. The results of these comparisons show that the main criteria, cost (43% weight) and demand (33% weight), impact route selection decisions more than social/economic conditions (15% weight) and competitiveness (9% weight). Regarding the criteria, the five routes alternative were evaluated by the route development experts, and the best route was selected with Pythagorean Fuzzy WASPAS. Practical implications – The proposed model is used for a route selection problem of Turkish Airlines, the airline that flies to the most countries in the world. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to use the Interval-valued Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP combined with Interval-valued Pythagorean Fuzzy WASPAS to solve the route selection problem. This hybrid MCDM methodology presents a novel and feasible solution for selecting the new route for airlines.
‘ … Like white light going through a prism’: A metaphorical exploration of multilingual education from teachers’ perspectives
(Routledge, 2025) Kamali, Jaber; Alpat, Muhammet Furkan; Rektörlük, Yabancı Diller Okulu
Various characteristics of multilingual educational settings have been investigated from diverse sources thus far; however, the metaphorical representation of these unique mini-societies has been overlooked and warrants greater attention. Therefore, grounded in a metaphorical standpoint, this study aimed to explore the underlying factors involved in multilingual education by analyzing teachers’ metaphors about it. To collect data, 67 teachers from a university in Türkiye, chosen through snowball sampling, completed a metaphor about multilingual education. Of these, 12 teachers participated in semi-structured interviews to elaborate on the metaphors they generated. Employing systematic metaphor analysis, the metaphors were categorized into six distinctive themes: travel, residence, edibles, art and entertainment, artifact, and career. Then, the thematic analysis of interview data indicated unique features of multilingual classrooms embedded within the provided metaphors and their underlying dimensions. These findings call for educational reforms in multilingual education for teachers, teacher educators, and policymakers by unveiling the unique features of this specific educational context.
Stablecoins and emerging market currencies: A time-varying analysis
(Emerald Publishing, 2025) Napari, Ayuba; Khan, Asad ul Islam; Kaplan, Muhittin; Vergil, Hasan; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İktisat Bölümü
Purpose: Owing to the growing evidence of crypto asset connectedness and correlation with traditional financial assets, this study sought to determine if there is a time-varying correlation and/or connectedness between the stablecoin market and the currencies of emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) with significant cryptocurrency penetration. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) to create stablecoin and EMDEs currency returns and volatility indices for EMDEs with significant cryptocurrency penetration. We then employ a time-varying correlation and time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) connectedness measures to document the time-dependent correlation and connectedness between the EMDE currencies and the stablecoin market. Findings: The result points to a spillover of return shocks from the EMDE currencies to the stablecoin market prior to and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This is indicative of a flight-to-safety role of stablecoins for EMDE currencies. This calls for increased attention to the stablecoin market by money market investors and monetary authorities. Originality/value: The paper contributes to the growing cryptocurrency and finance literature by empirically examining the level of connectedness between stablecoins and emerging market currencies. Knowing the relationship (correlation) and shock spillover (connectedness) between the stablecoins and the EMDE currencies will be valuable to currency investors’ diversification and hedging strategies, and to macroeconomic policymakers in designing and implementing regulation.
Unravelling crash risk transmission: Cryptocurrency impact on stock markets in G-7 and China
(Johar Education Society Pakistan, 2024) Khan, Asad ul Islam; Özcan, Rasim; Ibrahim, Mahat Maalim; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İktisat Bölümü
In this paper, we use the Empirical Bayes estimation and multiple linear regression approach to examine the impact of the top 5 cryptocurrencies’ crash risks on the G-7 and China equity markets’ crash risks. MATLAB was used to calculate the crash risks, while Stata software was employed for the econometric analysis. Three crash risk measures are used to validate the robustness of the results: (i) the relative frequency of the number of crash days in the market, (ii) the monthly returns’ skewness, and (iii) the down-to-up volatility. Our findings indicate that overall crash risks of the top 5 cryptocurrencies are positively related with G-7 and Chinese stock markets’ crash risk. This suggests that the crash risk transmits from the crypto to the equity markets and the crashes in crypto can serve as a predictor in the stock markets. Furthermore, there is a negative correlation between the historical crash risks of the G-7 stock market and the present crash risks of the same stock market. This suggests that past stock market crashes can serve as a predictive factor for assessing the current risk of a stock market crash.
The impact of job autonomy on employee creativity: Examining perceived supervisor support as a mediator and job difficulty as a moderator
(Sage Publications, 2025) Kıvrak, Fatma Halide; Arslan, Mahmut; Adarves-Yorno, Inmaculada; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
Research indicates that job autonomy (JA) plays a pivotal role in enhancing employee creativity (EC); however, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms facilitating this connection is still limited. To address this lacuna, we draw on self-determination theory, which argues that perceived supervisory support (PSS) may act as a mediator. Thus, this study explores how JA enhances creativity through PSS. Furthermore, we explore the moderating role of the job difficulty level on the relationship between JA and EC. Conducting a cross-sectional survey involving 561 employees in the Turkish media sector, our study utilizes structural equation modelling in AMOS and employs moderator analysis in PROCESS Macro. The results unveil that JA not only directly positively impacts EC but also exerts an indirect influence through the mediating role of PSS. Furthermore, our findings highlight the moderating effect of job difficulty level, indicating a negative impact on the relationship between JA and EC. Among the examined control variables, including gender, organizational tenure and sectoral tenure, it is notable that sectoral tenure emerges as the sole factor significantly influencing EC. These results have significant implications for the development of innovative management strategies and human resources policies tailored to the unique needs of media companies. The study underscores the importance of understanding the intricate dynamics between JA, PSS and job difficulty levels in fos tering a creative work environment.
A study on gambling behavior in Türkiye: Perceptions, attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors toward gambling
(AVES, 2024) Altıntaş, Merih; Başgül, Şaziye Senem; Avcu, Akif; Macit, Ruken; Büyüköztürk, Şener; Dinçer, Duygu; Özdenler, Merve; Öztürk, Ömer Mücahit; İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü
Background: The aim of this quantitative study conducted with 5008 individuals aged 15 and above in 12 provinces across Turkey was to determine the prevalence and significant variables of gambling behavior in our country and to examine the gambling behaviors, perceptions, thoughts, and attitudes of this population towards gambling. The goal is to generate concrete, original, culturally sensitive, feasible, and effective recommendations for preventive and risk-reducing policies. It is the first and only comprehensive investigation into gambling behavior in Turkey, offering guidance in this field. Methods: In this study, which was conducted with an epidemiological cross-sectional design, a stratified random sampling technique was employed, and data were collected using computer-assisted faceto-face interviews. Individuals to be surveyed in households were randomly selected using the Kish method. Results: Three hundred forty-one participants (6.81%) reported having gambled at least once (GALO) in their lifetime, while the remaining participants stated they had never gambled (NG). Among the GALO group, 100 individuals (29.33%) reported regular participation in gambling activities during the data collection period. The most commonly played types of gambling were sports betting (55.4%), national lottery (42.2%), numeric lottery (34.6%), and bingo (30.8%). The ages of first-time gambling ranged from 6 to 41. Tobacco, alcohol, and substance use were significantly more common in the GALO group compared to the NG group (P < .001). Conclusion: Understanding the prevalence of gambling behavior and underlying motivations is crucial for creating awareness and implementing effective preventive measures. We must determine its prevalence, examine societal attitudes, highlight its presence, and prioritize solution-oriented strategies.
The Reicher-Wheeler paradigm in word recognition research: A cautionary note on its actual contributions and published misconceptions
(Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Jordan, Timothy R.; Akkaya, Aziz M.; Göçmüş, Fatma Zehra; Kalan, Aleynanur; Morgül, Ebru; Önalan, Kübra; Sheen, Mercedes Kier; Akkaya, Aziz Muhammed; Morgül, Ebru; İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü
The study of word recognition has been influenced greatly by findings obtained when visual stimuli are presented very briefly. Under these conditions, a great deal of evidence suggests that words are perceived better than nonwords, and even single letters, and it is generally accepted that these “word superiority effects” reflect the relative efficiency with which words are perceived. For more than 50 years, a key procedure for establishing these effects has been the Reicher-Wheeler Paradigm in which potentially confounding effects of non-perceptual guesswork are cleverly suppressed. More recently, however, the actual nature of the ReicherWheeler paradigm and its contribution to research have become misrepresented in a range of publications, and its use in experiments has been confused and conflated with other, less sophisticated procedures. In this article we describe the actual contributions made by the Reicher-Wheeler Paradigm to word recognition research and show examples of how these important contributions have been misunderstood and misconceived in experiments reported in the recent literature.
Multidimensional meaning in life: Turkish validation of the 3DM using a bifactor model
(Cyprus Mental Health Institute, 2024) Subaşı, Mustafa; Bulut, Sefa; Karaman, Hakan; Osin, Evgeny N.; Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Bölümü
Recent research highlights the importance of multidimensional measurement in assessing meaning in life. The Three Dimensional Meaning in Life Scale (3DM) is a self-report measure based on a tripartite framework including significance, coherence, and purpose. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the 3DM. The first-order confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the Turkish version replicated the original three-factor structure of the 3DM. The model showed a good fit to the present data. The bifactor model of the 3DM supported a multidimensional structure of meaning in life, and measurement invariance indices demonstrated consistent psychometric properties across gender groups. The 3DM subscales had good reliability, with strong item-total correlations ranging from .47 to .76. They had significant positive associations with meaning in life and well-being indicators. The results provided evidence for the structural and convergent validity of the 3DM. Overall, the Turkish 3DM is a valid and reliable measure.
A further look at perception of personalities in typefaces: Evidence from Turkish
(SAGE Publications, 2025) Sheen, Mercedes; Yekani, Hajar Aman Key; Morgül, Ebru; Jordan, Timothy R.; İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü
Previous research conducted in English indicates that the visual appearances of different typefaces are perceived as possessing distinct characteristics, what we call “print personality” (e.g., masculine, feminine, serious, fun) to the extent that the typeface used conveys information to the reader beyond that which is expressed linguistically by the word. Recent work has found that these attributions of “print personality” also extend to typefaces written in Arabic, but one language that is distinct from both languages is Turkish. Turkish is written in a version of the Latinate alphabet containing 29 letters which include unique diacritics and is a genderless language which requires no gender associations for nouns, pronouns, or adjectives. Given that many print personalities appear to be strongly associated with gender (masculine, feminine, elegance, confidence), it remains to be determined if the association of print personalities extends to Turkish typefaces, and the pattern of any such associations. Accordingly, sixteen different typefaces were presented to fluent native Turkish readers who rated each typeface according to 22 different personality characteristics. The results indicate that, although Turkish participants readily assigned personality characteristics to different typefaces, gendered associations across different typefaces were far weaker than previously found. Implications for the generality of the existence of typeface personalities across different languages, and the effect this may have on perception of genderless languages, are discussed.
Human dignity from an Islamic perspective: Concepts and theoretical base
(Brill Academic Publishers, 2024) Erkoç Baydar, Tuba; İslami İlimler Fakültesi, Temel İslam Bilimleri Bölümü
The issue of dignity is pivotal not only in matters concerning mortality but also in various critical domains from the moment of human birth. It necessitates an interdisciplinary and holistic examination, considering its religious, philosophical, moral, and legal dimensions. This paper aims to contribute to the discourse by evaluating the concept of human dignity from an Islamic legal perspective. Modern views are not extensively covered, as the objective is to present classical approaches that have influenced current debates, rather than addressing contemporary discussions directly. We aim to explore how the concept of human dignity is reflected, particularly in human actions, which can only be adequately conveyed through Islamic legal texts. Furthermore, the paper examines the practical manifestations of this theory through specific examples.
The causal relationship between public investment in renewable energy and climate change performance index
(Econjournals, 2025) Vergil, Hasan; Mursal, Marwa; Kaplan, Muhittin; Khan, Asad ul Islam; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İktisat Bölümü
Addressing the current environmental challenges requires optimizing climate actions and understanding the complex relationships among them. This paper aims to provide insights into how public investment in renewable energy influences various dimensions of climate change, including emissions, efficiency, renewable energy deployment, and policy effectiveness. This study seeks to explore the causal connection between public investment in renewable energy and the Climate Change Performance Indicator (CPI) from 2007 to 2017, utilizing data provided by German Watch. The method used is Dumitrescu and Hurlin’s (2012) Granger Causality. The study unveils a unidirectional causality from Renewable Energy Investment (REI) to climate change performance. Additionally, it emphasizes the critical role of energy efficiency in attracting investments in renewable energy. Surprisingly, the study finds that REI influences the quality of climate policy. Furthermore, the study identifies a bi-directional causality between a renewable energy share and REI. The contribution of the paper lies in its analysis of public investment in renewable energy, covering areas beyond just public finance for R&D in renewable energy, as also exploring the causal link between this investment and CPI. It offers policymakers insights on how financial governmental interventions can effectively drive climate action.
Strategic classification of smart city strategies in developing countries
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Samasti, Mesut; Çakmak, Emre; Özpınar, Alper; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
Smart cities represent the forefront of combining technological innovation with urban management to enhance the quality of life and sustainability of urban environments. While existing studies have focused on individual smart city evaluations, there is a notable gap in systematic classification approaches that can handle uncertain and incomplete data in developing countries. As urban populations continue to grow, the strategic integration of smart technologies in city planning and management becomes crucial, necessitating more sophisticated evaluation methodologies. These technologies offer promising solutions to urban challenges by improving efficiency, economic growth, and citizen engagement. This research addresses this gap by proposing a novel framework that combines Interval Valued Neutrosophic Sets (IVNS) with the EDAS Method, specifically designed to handle the complexities and uncertainties inherent in developing country contexts. The study extensively reviews existing literature and methodologies applied in similar contexts, identifying key limitations in current approaches and building a robust framework that incorporates both new and established criteria. Through the systematic application of IVNS-EDAS methodology across multiple urban environments, this study develops a comprehensive classification system that accounts for both quantitative metrics and qualitative assessments of smart city capabilities. The results showcase a dynamic classification framework that effectively handles data uncertainty while providing clear, actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers. The paper concludes by validating the effectiveness of the proposed approach through a detailed computational study involving diverse stakeholders, confirming its applicability and utility in refining smart city strategies globally, particularly in developing country contexts where data reliability and completeness may be challenging. The study provides specific policy guidelines for each city classification, offering policymakers a structured framework for resource allocation and strategic planning, ranging from foundational infrastructure development in emerging cities to advanced technology integration in metropolitan areas.
Rethinking psycho-ontology in the context of Ilm an-Nafs (the study of self by Muslim scholars) and clinical applications
(American Psychological Association, 2024) Toprak, Taha Burak; İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü
While modern psychotherapies are generally effective, they often face challenges, especially in addressing the more profound aspects of human experience. Ilm an-Nafs, as a discipline rooted in the Islamic intellectual tradition, encompasses various interpretations that offer a multidimensional perspective by integrating scientific, philosophical, and theological insights. This article focuses on my specific interpretation of Ilm an-Nafs, from which we have developed the 3K model (drive/power model), the 3N model (consciousness model), the 4T model (cognitive model), and the Nafs (self) model. In order to explore their potential advantages, these models will be compared with psychoanalytic concepts and cognitive behavioral therapy. The methodology includes a comparative analysis of these models, highlighting how the Ilm an-Nafs models provide a more holistic understanding of human psychology. Findings from six previous studies, comprising four single-case studies, one case series, and one randomized controlled trial group study, showed significant symptom reduction among patients. These patients found the Ilm an-Nafs models to be more explanatory and holistic than modern psychotherapies. They reported that these models helped them distinguish between psychopathology and spirituality and offered a sense of security by integrating religious and scientific perspectives. The Ilm an-Nafs models offer a richer psycho-ontological framework that not only aligns more closely with the values and beliefs of Muslim patients but also provides inspiring insights that can expand the definition of the human being in modern psychology. This approach opens new avenues for religiously sensitive therapeutic interventions and suggests promising new directions for integrating Ilm an-Nafs with contemporary psychology. Future research may further explore this integration, potentially leading to more holistic therapies that better serve diverse populations.
The impact of personality, behavior, and geography on participation in the private pension system in Türkiye: A machine learning approach
(Borsa Istanbul Anonim Şirketi, 2025) Verberi, Can; Kaplan, Muhittin; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İktisat Bölümü
This study examines regional disparities in the factors that affect participation in the Private Pension System (PPS) in Türkiye, focusing on sociodemographic characteristics, personality traits and behavior, and pension and financial literacy. The behavioral factors identified encompass procrastination, locus of control, pessimism, compulsive buying, and time perspective, and the personality traits include openness, agreeableness, extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness. The study employs data on two provinces in Türkiye, Şırnak and Istanbul, and uses XGBoost and Tree SHAP algorithms and a probit model. Our findings indicate that personality traits such as openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness have a positive influence on individual engagement in pension plans, whereas extraversion has a negative impact. Additionally, basic pension literacy is more influential than advanced pension literacy. The results also show that regional geography significantly influences personality and behavioral factors. Finally, a perception of protection is a critical factor in PPS participation.
A sociocultural exploration of Iranian language teachers’corrective feedback: Why and how?
(Routledge, 2025) Kamali, Jaber; Javahery, Pourya; Zendehbad, Mahsa; Shahraki, Mina; Rasouli, Mohammad; Rektörlük, Yabancı Diller Okulu
This study aims to explore the types and reasons for teachers’corrective feedback (CF) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL)classes from sociocultural perspectives. To do so, 12 Iranian EFLteachers were selected based on convenience sampling, and 18sessions of their classes (one or two from each teacher) wereobserved to ensure that there were at least three CF occurrencesin each teacher’s class. Then, the teachers attended stimulatedrecall interviews in which they answered questions about reasonsfor applying specific CFs in their classes. Different subthemesemerged from the data within the three sociocultural mediators’themes, namely psychological, material and peer mediators. Theresults indicated that teachers use different CFs in their classes forvarious reasons such as scaffolding learning, enhancing noticingand exposure, and fostering learners’ agency. The study ends withsuggestions and implications for teachers and teacher educators.
Cross-cultural applicability of the Inventory of Problems–29 (IOP–29): A pre-registered German replication of Akca, Tepedelen, et al. (2023)
(Routledge, 2025) Höpfner, Henrike; Uysal, Burcu; Stemmler, Mark; Akca, Ali Y. E.; Giromini, Luciano; Uysal, Burcu; İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü
Assessing the credibility of psychological problems in forensic evaluations is crucial. The Inventory of Problems–29 (IOP–29) is becoming a valuable symptom validity test (SVT) worldwide and has been validated in over 15 languages. This study evaluates the German IOP–29 and fills a gap by replicating a study of Akca, Tepedelen, et al. We analysed 384 IOP–29 protocols from 128 German-speaking adults (range = 18–87 years) under three conditions: honest, random and feigned responses (post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD; depression; schizophrenia). Statistical analyses showed that the False Disorder Probability Score (FDS) effectively discriminated between honest and feigned responses (Hedges g = 3.90), with a sensitivity of .91 and a specificity of .95 at an FDS cut-off value of ≥.50. A new index for detecting careless or random responses also showed promising results. This study confirms the utility of the IOP–29 in the German-speaking population and supports its cross-cultural applicability.
Italian teachers’ emotional styles and burnout when using educational technology
(Progedit, 2024) Ritella, Giuseppe; Crescenzo, Pietro; Bulut, Sefa; Sansone, Nadia; Annese, Susanna; Ligorio, Maria Beatrice; Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Bölümü
The main aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the use of Educational Technology (ET), the development of Burnout Syndrome (BOS), the teachers’ Emotional Styles (ES), and their biographies. A non-probabilistic convenience sample of 379 teachers completed an online survey on the three dimensions above mentioned. Descriptive statistics together with the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression models were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that 2.6% teachers are at risk for BOS while use of ET had no impact on BOS. Certain biographical dimensions and ESs predicted teachers’ ET use. Based on the analysis, the authors conclude that studying how emotional and personal aspects influence the relationship between teachers and technologies can be useful to prepare teachers for innovating their practice.
AI ethics as a complex and multifaceted challenge: Decoding educators’ AI ethics alignment through the lens of activity theory
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Kamali, Jaber; Alpat, Muhammet Furkan; Bozkurt, Aras; Rektörlük, Yabancı Diller Okulu
This study explores university educators’ perspectives on their alignment with artifcial intelligence (AI) ethics, considering activity theory (AT), which forms the theoretical underpinning of this study. To do so, 37 educators from a higher education institution were selected to write their metaphors about AI ethics alignment, out of which 11 attended semi-structured interviews, in which they answered some questions about their AI ethics alignment and narrated some experiences. The study reveals diverse and often contradictory perspectives on AI ethics, highlighting a general lack of awareness and inconsistent application of ethical principles. Some educators metaphorised AI ethics as fundamental but difcult to understand, while others pointed to the difculties of regulating ethical violations. The fndings highlight the need for targeted professional development on AI ethics, collaborative policy making and a multidisciplinary approach to promote ethical use of AI in higher education. This study also calls for stronger alignment between educators’ personal ethical standards and institutional norms to reduce AI-related risks in educational settings.
Exploring the challenges and affordances of integrating ChatGPT into language classrooms from teachers’ points of view: An ecological perspective
(Kaplan Singapore, 2024) Kamali, Jaber; Paknejad, Ali; Poorghorban, Afrooz; Rektörlük, Yabancı Diller Okulu
The present study explored teachers’ perspectives on the challenges and benefits of using ChatGPT in language classrooms, adopting an ecological perspective. To do so, ten Iranian language teachers were selected using convenience sampling and completed narrative frames about the use of ChatGPT in language classrooms. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore their beliefs on the impact of integrating ChatGPT in their classes. Employing deductive thematic analysis, the findings were organized into three different layers of educational ecology: microsystem, mesosystem, and macrosystem. The findings revealed that there are challenges and benefits in different layers of the classroom ecosystem regarding using ChatGPT in language classrooms. Teachers and teacher educators can benefit from the findings of the present study by raising their awareness of the implications of ChatGPT in language classrooms and adapting their practices to integrate this AI tool in their teaching practice.
Exploring vaccine hesitancy in digital public discourse: From tribal polarization to socio-economic disparities
(Public Library of Science, 2024) Ayaz, Huzeyfe; Çelik, Muhammed Hasan; Koytak, Hüseyin Zeyd; Yanık, İbrahim Emre; İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Sosyoloji Bölümü
This study analyzed online public discourse on Twitter (later rebranded as X) during the COVID-19 pandemic to understand key factors associated with vaccine hesitancy by employing deep-learning techniques. Text classification analysis reveals a significant association between attitudes toward vaccination and the unique socio-economic characteristics of US states, such as education, race, income or voting behavior. However, our results indicate that attributing vaccine hesitancy solely to a single social factor is not appropriate. Furthermore, the topic modeling of online discourse identifies two distinct sets of justifications for vaccine hesitancy. The first set pertains to political concerns, including constitutional rights and conspiracy theories. The second pertains to medical concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy. However, vaccine-hesitant social media users pragmatically use broad categories of justification for their beliefs. This behavior may suggest that vaccine hesitancy is influenced by political beliefs, unconscious emotions, and gut-level instinct. Our findings have further implications for the critical role of trust in public institutions in shaping attitudes toward vaccination and the need for tailored communication strategies to restore faith in marginalized communities.

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