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Yayın An exploration of various impacts of social media usage: The philosophical and sociological perspectives of Jacques Ellul’s ‘technique’(Ibn Haldun University, Alliance of Civilization Institute, 2018) Turner, Hossein; Küçükural, ÖnderThis thesis aims to unearth insights about the relevance and degree of applicability of the concept of “technique” as defined by the French philosopher and sociologist Jacques Ellul in his seminal work, “La Technique” (translated as “The Technological Society”, published in 1964). Specifically my aim is to examine how Ellul’s dialectical methodology can be used to examine the degree in which “technique” interacts with the world of internet and social media usages to produce particular global-scale changes in the way people communicate and use language. To what extent have recent developments in social media and internet-based communication, confirmed or contradicted Ellul’s ideas and concepts of “technique”? Dialectics is central to Ellul’s works as a whole, and can clearly be seen in the dialectical tension between human choice of action and technique. When humans use techniques, to what extent do such established techniques in turn, use human beings? Do humans use social media as a tool in a freely chosen or “neutral” way? Or does technique rigidly control the possible ways in which people can interact with such technology on a meaningful sociological level? This thesis will be referring primarily (though not exclusively) to Ellul's 1981 book “The Humiliation Of The Word” which adopts both theological and sociological analyses as part of its argument that modern life prioritizes the visual and the image over language and “the word”. He argues that the word has been turned into an object and made subordinate to the image which represents the world of reality, action, technical application and objectivity as opposed to the world of truth, the theoretical, the abstract, and of human subjectivity which language represents. In light of this, what has social media done to language generally? Has it made communication more efficient through rationally applied technical methods? What is the price of this efficiency? Perhaps this efficiency is only apparent and results in an inefficient form of communication? What about the role of 'freedom’ and 'necessity’ with respect to the human subject? Does language and the word become more free as a result of social media technology? I shall be exploring several case studies concerning communication on the Internet that might help provide answers to such quesitons or produce new questions and problems with respect to Ellul’s dialectic of Technique and Freedom, as well as the sociological and philosophical understanding of language and images in general.Yayın Assessing coherence and fidelity: Credibility of COVID-19 narratives(John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024) Üzelgün, Mehmet Ali; Turner, Hossein; Oruç, Rahmi; Şahin, Goncagül; İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat Bölümü; Medeniyetler İttifakı Enstitüsü, Medeniyet Araştırmaları Ana Bilim DalıNon-fictional narratives have an open-ended character that projects roles and values to those who participate in them. Narrative participation, in turn, entails narrative assessment and identification processes, through which adherence to values and positions may fail or be achieved. In the analysis of interviews with university students across Turkey, we draw on Fisher's narrative paradigm to focus on how our participants carry out assessments of narrative credibility. To elucidate narrative coherence and fidelity, we take inspiration from an argumentative-rhetorical perspective, and focus specifically on the relationship among the criteria identified in the literature on narrative assessment. Our study of interviewee evaluations of COVID-19 narratives confirms the use of the coherence criteria, calls into question the fidelity criteria, and highlights the relevance of identification as a basic process for fidelity assessments. We conclude by discussing our limitations and directions for further research.Yayın [Book Review]: "Conspiracy Theories and the People Who Believe in Them"(SETA, 2021) Turner, Hossein; Medeniyetler İttifakı Enstitüsü, Medeniyet Araştırmaları Ana Bilim DalıJoseph Uscinski’s multi-author volume attempts to bring together a wide range of disciplinary perspectives on the phenomena of conspiracy theories (CTs) into one book. Given the significant epistemological disagreements between the disciplines that exist in the field of conspiracy theory research, it is fair to say that Uscinski has done a good job in producing a volume that balances the opposing perspectives. The book is comprised of the views of 40 academics from across a host of different disciplines. The volume partly stems from a 2015 conference on CTs that was organized and hosted by Uscinski; at that conference, there was a clear disagreement between the philosophers and the psychologists/social psychologists on the importance of studying conspiracies as ideas or as mental formations. The philosophers accused the psychologists of pathologizing people who espouse CTs rather than assessing their truth claims and the reasoning of the ideas presented. The psychologists in turn accused the philosophers of merely asking more questions and not pursuing research programs.1 The book reflects and features this balkanized difference of approach...Yayın The internet as a sacred and irrational space within the Ellulian milieu of ‘technique’(Intellect Ltd., 2022) Turner, HosseinThis article attempts to critically assess the concept of a ‘fourth milieu’ of ‘virtuality’ as possibly unique and distinct from Jacques Ellul’s technical milieu (the third of Ellul’s theoretical ‘three milieus’). The proposed fourth milieu chal-lenges the very definition and boundary between ‘the real’ and the virtual, the rational and the irrational, the sacred and the profane, the human subject and the virtual subject. I argue that Ellul’s dialectical studies on the nature of ‘the word’ and ‘the image’ suggest that the internet is the space of the ‘irrational’ within the general ‘rational’ milieu that constitutes the technological organization of our society. Contrary to a ‘virtual’ milieu, I argue that the internet is the dialectical pole of ‘irrationality’, a parallel domain that exists in tension with the ‘rational’ pole of industrial society. Ellul’s concepts of the ‘sacred’ and ‘sacred of transgres-sion’ contribute to the dialectical dynamics that are discussed in this article. © 2022 Intellect Ltd Article. English language.
